At present, the development of CNC machine tools is rapidly changing, high-speed, high-precision, composite, intelligent, open, parallel drive, network, extreme, green has become the trend and direction of the development of CNC machine tools.

China, as a manufacturing country, is still relying mainly on the comparative advantages of labor, price, resources, etc., while the gap between the technological innovation and independent development of products and foreign counterparts is still very large. China's CNC industry can not rest on its laurels, should seize the opportunity to continue to develop, and strive to develop their own advanced technology, increase technological innovation and training of personnel, improve the comprehensive service capacity of enterprises, and strive to shorten the gap between the developed countries. China strives to realize the transformation of CNC machine tool products from low-end to high-end, from primary product processing to high-precision product manufacturing, and to realize the transformation from Made-in-China to Created-in-China, from manufacturing power to manufacturing power.

1、High speed

With the high-speed development of automobile, national defense, aviation, aerospace and other industries, as well as the application of new materials such as aluminum alloys, the high speed of CNC machine tool processing requirements are becoming increasingly high.

(1) spindle speed: the machine tool adopts electric spindle (internal spindle motor), the maximum spindle speed of 200000r/min;

(2) Feed rate: in the resolution of 0.01μm, the maximum feed rate of 240m/min and can obtain accurate processing of complex surfaces;

(3) computing speed: the rapid development of microprocessors for the CNC system to high-speed, high-precision direction provides a guarantee, the development of the CPU has been developed to 32-bit and 64-bit CNC system, the frequency is increased to hundreds of megahertz, thousands of megahertz. Due to the great increase in computing speed, so that when the resolution of 0.1μm, 0.01μm can still get up to 24 ~ 240m/min feed speed;

(4) tool change speed: at present, the tool exchange time of foreign advanced machining centers has generally been about 1s, the high has reached 0.5s. Germany Chiron company will be designed as a basket style tool magazine, with the spindle as the axis, the tool in the circumference of the arrangement of the knife, its knife to knife tool change time is only 0.9s.

2, high precision

CNC machine tool accuracy requirements are now not limited to static geometric accuracy, machine tool motion accuracy, thermal deformation, as well as monitoring and compensation for vibration is gaining more and more attention.

(1) Improve the CNC system control accuracy: the use of high-speed interpolation technology to achieve continuous feeding of tiny program segments, so that the CNC control unit refinement, and the use of high-resolution position detection devices to improve the position detection accuracy (Japan has developed AC servo motors fitted with 106 pulses / rotary built-in position detector, and its position detection accuracy of 0.01 μm / pulse), the position of the servo system using the Feedforward control and nonlinear control and other methods;

(2) Adoption of error compensation technology: The reverse gap compensation, screw pitch error compensation and tool error compensation are adopted to comprehensively compensate for the thermal deformation error and spatial error of the equipment. Research results show that the application of comprehensive error compensation technology can reduce the machining error by 60% to 80%;

(3) Adopt grid to check and improve the motion trajectory accuracy of the machining center, and predict the machining accuracy of the machine tool through simulation, in order to ensure the positioning accuracy and repetitive positioning accuracy of the machine tool, so that its performance is stable for a long time, and it can complete a variety of machining tasks under different operating conditions and ensure the machining quality of the parts.

3, functional composite

The meaning of composite machine tool refers to a machine tool to achieve or complete as far as possible from the blank to the finished product of a variety of elements of processing. According to its structural characteristics can be divided into process compound and process compound two categories. Process composite machine tools such as boring, milling and drilling composite - machining centers, milling and turning composite - turning centers, milling, boring, drilling and turning composite - composite machining centers, etc.; process composite machine tools, such as multi-faceted Multi-axis linkage machining composite machine tools and dual-spindle turning center, etc.. The use of composite machine tools for processing, reducing the workpiece loading and unloading, replacement and adjustment of tools and auxiliary time as well as the intermediate process of the error generated by the process, improve the accuracy of parts processing, shorten the product manufacturing cycle, improve the production efficiency and the manufacturer's ability to respond to the market, as opposed to the traditional process of dispersal of the production method has obvious advantages.

4、Control Intelligent

With the development of artificial intelligence technology, in order to meet the development needs of manufacturing production flexibility, manufacturing automation, the degree of intelligence of CNC machine tools is constantly improving. Specifically embodied in the following aspects:

(1) machining process adaptive control technology: by monitoring the cutting force, spindle and feed motor power, current, voltage and other information in the machining process, using traditional or modern algorithms for identification, in order to identify the tool force, wear and tear, breakage state and the stability of the machine tool machining state, and according to these states in real time to adjust the machining parameters (spindle speed, feed rate) and machining instructions, so that the equipment is in the The best running state, in order to improve machining accuracy, reduce machining surface roughness and improve the safety of equipment operation;

(2) Intelligent optimization and selection of machining parameters: the experience of process experts or technicians, the general and special laws of parts processing, using modern intelligent methods, constructing an expert system or model-based "intelligent optimization and selection of machining parameters", using it to obtain optimized machining parameters, so as to achieve the goal of improving the programming efficiency and the level of machining process, shortening the production preparation time. Process level, shorten the production preparation time;

(3) Intelligent fault self-diagnosis and self-repair technology: according to the existing fault information, apply modern intelligent methods to realize rapid and accurate fault location;

(4) Intelligent fault playback and fault simulation technology: it can completely record all kinds of information of the system, and realize rapid and accurate fault localization by applying modern intelligent methods according to the existing fault information.